USER GUIDE

User Guide Testing Environment Conformance Reporting Requirments Section 508 Conformance Tests 1. Conforming Alternate Version (CAV) and Non-Interference 2. Auto-Playing and Auto-Updating Content 3. Flashing 4. Keyboard Access and Focus 5. Forms 6. Links

7. Images

8. Adjustable Time Limits 9. Repetitive Content 10. Content Structure 11. Language 12. Page Titles, Frames, and iFrames 13. Sensory Characteristics and Contrast 14. Tables 15. CSS Positioning 16. Pre-Recorded Audio-Only, Video-Only, and Animations 17. Synchronized Media 18. Resize Text 19. Multiple Ways 20. Parsing Appendix A: Test Process Mapping Appendix B: Document Change Log Appendix C: Test Process Quick Reference Appendix D: ANDI Workarounds

7. Images

Identify Content

Use the ANDI: graphics/images module to find the images. Start with the first image outlined by ANDI: graphics/images.

Use the “Focus on next element” button to find all images on the page. For each image found by ANDI: graphics/images, determine if the image is meaningful or decorative.

  • All images which convey information should be considered meaningful images.
  • Images that are pure decoration, used only for visual formatting, or are not presented to users, should be considered decorative. Examples of this are:
    • a swirl in the corner that conveys no information but just fills up a blank space to create an aesthetic effect
    • images used as bullet points
    • an abstract graphic used to separate sections of a page
    • an invisible image that is used to track usage statistics
    • part of a link to improve appearance or to increase the clickable area
  • Images are not pure decoration if they serve to illustrate text content, suggest mood or tone, or create specific sensory experiences, such as a section dividers or bullet icons that use imagery or designs that convey specific moods or tones. If they convey any information, AT users shouldvreceive the same benefit of that information.

Note:

  • ANDI may identify images that are included as a sub-component of a focusable element. In such cases, test the image using the ANDI: focusable elements module instead.
  • WCAG defines “pure decoration” as “serving only an aesthetic purpose, providing no information, and having no functionality.”
  • WCAG defines “specific sensory experiences” as “a sensory experience that is not purely decorative and does not primarily convey important information or perform a function.”

If there is no such content, the result for the following test ID(s) is DOES NOT APPLY: 7.A to 7.B.

Test Name Test ID Test Condition
1.1.1-meaningful-image-name 7.A The accessible name and accessible description for a meaningful image provides an equivalent description of the image

Applicability:

This Test Condition DOES NOT APPLY (DNA) if there are no meaningful images on the page.

How to Test:

  1. 1. Review the ANDI Output for the meaningful image.
    1. The ANDI Output must provide an equivalent description of the image. This can be provided by a brief description of the image in the ANDI Output and instructions about where to obtain the full description.
    2. If the image is used as a CAPTCHA, ANDI Output describes the purpose of the CAPTCHA.
    3. If the image is of meaningful text, ANDI Output contains the same text.
    4. If an image is a component or child of a focusable element (e.g., a button or a link), evaluate the accessible name for the entire focusable element, not just the image. Use ANDI: focusable elements (and/or ANDI: links/buttons if applicable) to determine the accessible name for the combined component.

Evaluate Results:

If the following is TRUE, then the content PASSES:

The combination of the programmatically determined link context and the ANDI Output provide adequate description of the link’s purpose.

Note:

  • Any changes to meaningful images that occur automatically or as a result of interaction with the page should be included in this test.
  • Notification of automatic changes are tested in Test 2.D.
  • Notification of changes as a result of interaction with other content are tested either in Test 5.E or 6.B.
  • An image that is on the page but not detected by ANDI as described in Identify Content should not be included in this test.
  • The ANDI Output is empty for an image that has role=“presentation” or aria- hidden=“true”. These should not be set for meaningful images, which must have an equivalent description in ANDI Output.

Test Name Test ID Test Condition
1.1.1-decorative-image 7.B There is no accessible name and accessible description for adecorative image.

Applicability:

This Test Condition DOES NOT APPLY (DNA) if there are no decorative images on the page.

How to Test:

  1. 1. Review the ANDI Output for the decorative image.

Evaluate Results:

If the following is TRUE, then the content PASSES:

The ANDI Output for a decorative image is blank.

Note:

  • An image that is on the page but not detected by ANDI as described in Identify Content should not be included in this test. Some decorative images are background images and should be tested and reported in 7.C.
  • Any changes to decorative images that occur automatically or as a result of interaction with the page should be included in this test.
  • The ANDI Output is empty for an image that has role=“presentation” or aria- hidden=“true”. These are two techniques to hide an image from assistive technology and are appropriate for decorative content.

Identify Content

Use the ANDI: graphics/images module to find CSS background images. If the “find background” and “hide background” buttons are available, background images are on the page.

If there is no such content, the result for the following test ID(s) is DOES NOTAPPLY: 7.C.

Test Name Test ID Test Condition
1.1.1-decorative-background-image 7.C The background image is not the only means used to convey important information.

Applicability:

This Test Condition DOES NOT APPLY (DNA) if there are no background images on the page.

How to Test:

  1. Select the “find background” button in ANDI: graphics/images to outline all background images (in green)
  2. Find the outlined background images within the page. (ANDI will not display information for background images.)
  3. Determine whether important information provided by the background image is available without the background image.
    • ISelect the “hide background” function in ANDI: graphics/images to hide background images and help determine if the image’s information is also available on the page without the background image.
    • Review the sequence or positioning of the image to determine whether equivalent information is presented in the same logical order.

Evaluate Results:

If the following is TRUE, then the content PASSES:

  • The background image is decorative, OR
  • The meaning of the background image is also available without the background image.

Note:

Any changes to meaningful background images that occur automatically or as a result of interaction with the page should be included in this test.

Identify Content

Identify all CAPTCHA images.

If there is no such content, the result for the following test ID(s) is DOES NOT APPLY: 7.D.

Test Name Test ID Test Condition
1.1.1-captcha-alternative 7.D Alternative forms of CAPTCHA are provided.

Applicability:

This Test Condition DOES NOT APPLY (DNA) if there are no CAPTCHA images on the page.

How to Test:

  1. Determine whether alternative forms of CAPTCHA with output modes for different types of sensory perception are provided.

Evaluate Results:

If ALL of the following is TRUE, then the content PASSES:

  • The CAPTCHA has a format for users without vision, AND
  • The CAPTCHA has a format for users without hearing.

Identify Content

Identify all CAPTCHA images.

If there is no such content, the result for the following test ID(s) is DOES NOT APPLY: 7.D.

Test Name Test ID Test Condition
1.4.5-image-of-text 7.E The image of text cannot be replaced by text or is customizable.

Applicability:

This Test Condition DOES NOT APPLY (DNA) if there are no images of text on the page.

How to Test:

  1. Determine if text can be used instead of the image of text to present the same effect and information.
    1. Logotypes (text that is part of a logo or brand name) cannot be replaced by text.
    2. Type samples, branding, images of specific fonts that are not widely supported are additional examples of images of text that cannot be replaced by text.
  2. Determine if the image of text can be visually customized: adjust the font, size, color and background with controls provided by the web page.
    1. Customizing font size for an image of text also implies the ability to adjust the size without pixelation (which is typically evident when simply using the browser resize functionality to resize images).

Evaluate Results:

If ANY of the following is TRUE, then the content PASSES:

  • The image of text cannot be replaced with text, OR
  • The image of text can be visually customized.

Section 508/WCAG Success Criteria Baseline Requirements
WCAG SC: 1.1.1. Non-Text: All non-text content that is presented to the user has a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose, except for [specific] situations listed.
WCAG SC: 1.4.5 Images of Text: If the technologies being used can achieve the visual presentation, text is used to convey information rather than images of text except for [specific situation listed]. 		6. Images
WCAG SC: 1.1.1. Non-Text: All non-text content that is presented to the user has a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose, except for [specific] situations listed 18. CSS Content and Positioning
WCAG SC 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value: For all user interface components (including but not limited to: form elements, links and components generated by scripts), the name and role can be programmatically determined; states, properties, and values that can be set by the user can be programmatically set; and notification of changes to these items is available to user agents, including assistive technologies. 5. Changing Content